From this article you will learn everything about the arthrosis of the knee knot: what is it, for which reasons arise, what are the manifestations at different stages.How to treat it, how to prevent a disease.
Knee joint arthritis (gonartrosis) is a degenerative pathology of the joint, in which the destruction of the cartilage occurs, muscle and ligament damage and bone deformity.
The disease occurs mainly after 40 years (12-16% of people at this age are ill).Women get sick 2 times more often than men.Diseases are subject to athletes and people engaged in heavy physical labor.
Gonartrosis develops gradually and is associated with the appearance of pain in the joints:
- Joint mobility decreases;
- Bones and cartilage grow, which interfere with the normal functioning of the joint.
Over time, this leads to complete union immobility.Without treatment, the disease leads to disability.
Conservative knee joint arthrosis therapy is only possible in the initial stages of process development (1 and 2), this allows you to slow down, suspend the development of pathology.
With the progression of the disease, treatment is only surgical.Completely (100%) to get rid of the pathology can only with endoprosthetics - replacing the knee joint.
Traumatologist-octopedist and other doctors are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint arthrosis.According to the testimony, a rheumatologist consult is assigned.Symptoms of the disease can also be detected by a sports doctor.
Causes of illness and types
Depending on the factor that provokes the disease, 2 types of knee arthrosis are distinguished:
Primary (idiopathic)
This type of arthritis affects older and older people.The initial stages are diagnosed after 40 years, and at the age of 70 years, gonarthrosis is detected in 60% of people.Often, 2 joints are affected simultaneously.
Primary arthrosis occurs due to changes that occur in the body with age, worsening blood circulation and slowing metabolism.The risk of development increases with overweight and sedentary lifestyle.
Medium form
Secondary - can appear in one person of any age and hit both 2 nodes at the same time and 1.
The reasons are:
- Strong foot loads.
- Ligament injuries, knee meniscus, intra -articular fractures.
- Diseases in which metabolic processes (parathyroid gland disorders, diabetes, hemochromatosis, vilson disease, gout, mucopolysacaridosis and other diseases) are terminated.
- Connective tissue diseases.
- Inflammatory pathologies (infectious and non -infectious synovitis and arthritis), hemophilia (a rare hereditary disease associated with damaged blood coagulation).
Next, we will analyze in more detail what it is - the arthrosis of the knee joint, its degree, what changes start in the tissues during the pathology.
Symptoms and three stages of the disease
With the development of the disease, the cartilage begins to become thinner due to strong loads or lack of nutrients in it.This provokes the rubbing of the bones in the knee joint.
Erosion in bone tissue is formed as a protective response of the body - the formation of growth begins in it.All of these factors lead to the distortion of the knee joint and its limited mobility.
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis in 3 phases:
| Scene | Clinical | Processes that occur in union |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Can flow asymptomatic Kneeing in the knees in the morning, during meetings, when walking up the stairs, after long loads and hypothermia, is possible Rigidity appears in the morning on the knees Synovite can develop - an accumulation in fusion of a liquid, which must be removed using a puncture (a cavity puncture with a liquid and its fence) |
The surface of the cartilage becomes rough and dry Cracks and ulcers are formed on it |
| 2 |
Pain also appears as a result of a slight load and becomes more pronounced with active walking Foot does not bend completely, joint press periodically The knee expands visually The risk of synovitis increases even more |
In response to increased loads on the union, appear to become flat The formation of osteophytes begins - bone growths Synovial fluid becomes thicker and less nutritious The destructive processes in the cartilage are accelerated |
| 3 |
Pain takes chronic nature and follows the patient even at rest Both complete curvature and full knee extension are impossible The volume of union increases Walking is hard, many people start using crutches or a cane Valgus leg deformation (X -shaped leg setting) or deformation of change (setting up of the legs) may appear |
Almost no cartilage fabric Bones deform and "crushed" in one another, which leads to restriction of mobility in coupling |
Acute
Acute knee arthritis is the time when the disease progresses faster and manifests itself clinically.
They can lead to irritation:
- very strong load on coupling;
- hypothermia;
- inconsistency with the diet described;
- injury
Sometimes gonarthrosis begins acutely, as if bypassing the first stage.This is possible due to knee damage.
Troubleshooting
If you notice a restriction on the joints in the morning or after a long landing, as well as the pain when descending the stairs or collecting - this can be a sign of 1 phase of gonarthrosis.
To make an accurate diagnosis, come an appointment with a therapist who will direct you to an orthopedist or other doctor.
Before treating osteoarthritis or gonartrosis, the doctor will perform an initial examination and feeling of union, and also directs to:
- Radiography - will help assess the state of union;
- Ultrasound - will allow us to determine whether the simultaneous inflammatory process is present.
Treatment methods
With the arthrosis of the knee joint, its symptoms and treatment are interconnected, as many therapeutic measures are aimed at eliminating worrying features and improving the quality of human life.
Reception of medicines, diet and physiotherapy exercises:
- Slow down further destructive processes in the cartilage;
- Prevent the passage of the disease at a more neglected stage.
It is impossible to fully cure the disease, but you can suspend, slow down the development of pathology.
Diet
The purpose of diet observation is to slow down the further progression of the disease.
What you need to add to the menu and what to exclude:
| Useful products | Prohibited products |
|---|---|
| Rabbit, Turkey, chickens, dairy products, eggs (no more than 3 pieces a day and preferably without yellow) - serve as protein sources |
Fatty meat, sausages, sausages - lead to an increase in body weight, which creates an additional load on the joint, and also prevents normal formation of synovial fluid |
| Fish, especially red varieties, are rich in omega-3 |
Flour, sweet, mayonnaise, fast food - products that contribute to a set of excess weight |
| Jelly, joined by soup in bone, gelatin - contain chondroitin and collagen, which contribute to the formation of new cartilage tissue |
White cabbage, tomato, Bulgarian pepper, eggplant, according to some versions, contain substances that destroy collagen and chondroitin - "construction bricks" for cartilage tissue However, some studies reject their damage to arthrosis |
| Rice, millet, buckwheat have complex carbohydrates that contribute to the formation of synovial fluid |
Egg yolk, liver of merluc - increase the risk of developing gout |
| Cheese Cheese, Cheese - Calcium Resources |
Brown - lenses from the body useful for bones and calcium joints |
| Apple, broccoli, beans, squash, zucchini, parsley, dill, cucumbers, carrots, celery, spinach, cereal, currant, grapefruit, grenades, papaya, almonds - the most useful products of plant origin Saturated with substances that benefit nodes |
Alcohol - violates normal food and metabolism processes in the joints |
| Water (1.5-2 liters per day) - helps to normalize metabolism in the body and in nodes in particular Liquids (those fruits and vegetables that are listed above) |
Salt - can lead to irritation |
physical
If you have developed knee arthrosis, medical exercises should be done daily.Special exercises help stimulate blood circulation in the joint, which will prevent further devastating processes in the cartilage.Physical education will also increase the motility of the affected knee and prevent pain.However, any gymnastics is contraindicated in the acute course of the disease.
Therapeutic gymnastics for Dr. Knee jointsEvdokimenko
The purpose of this complex of therapeutic gymnastics is to force the muscles that surround the joint without loading it.Gymnastics according to the Evdokimenko method shows very good results with the arthrosis of the knee joint.
Exercises:
- Lie on your stomach, straighten your legs, arms to stitches.Warm over the floor at a height of 15 cm right foot, tighten the buttocks and thigh muscles.Hold this leg position for 30-40 seconds.Lowers it.Repeat the movement with each leg 1 time.
- Raise your leg straight over the floor by 15 cm, hold it for 1-3 seconds.Return to its original position (IP).Repeat 10-12 for each leg.
- Bend the knee 90 degrees.Raise the bent leg to a height of 10 cm from the floor and hold it for 30-40 seconds.Make this movement with each leg once 1 time.Then repeat the same exercise, but with a delay on each foot with 1-3 seconds.Perform 10-12 repetitions of each of the legs.
- Raise two straight legs over the floor by 10-15 cm.Dilute them on the sides and take again.Without lowering your legs on the floor, make movement 8 times.In this case, the thigh muscles should function as much as possible.
- Lie on the side.Bend the lower leg in the knee.Leave the top straight, raise 45 degrees above the floor.Hold it this way for 30-40 seconds.Perform a drill at 1 time on each leg.
- Sit in a chair.Raise the maximum knee group.Hold it for 30 seconds.Raise each foot 2-4 times.
- Rise up.Lean around the back of the chair.Stay in socks.Lies for 30-60 seconds.Return to IP.
- Stay in socks, hold in this position for 1-3 seconds.Return to IP.Repeat the movement 10-12 times.
- Place the right foot on the floor.Stay in the left foot sock.Climb the sock smoothly with your right foot and lower the left heel to the floor.Roll like her 10-12 times.
This author's physical education is more intensity than the previous one.It is possible only in the first signs of gonarthrosis.Before you start doing it yourself, make sure you consult your doctor.
If you feel severe pain when you move, stop immediately.
Surgical methods
Since it is impossible to cure arthritis of the knee joint by fully conservative methods, in severe cases, doctors turn to the functioning methods.
One of the most effective endoprosthetics - of the knee joint, that is, replacing the friction surfaces of the artificial joint.
The post -endoprosthetic recovery period is from 3 to 6 months.
Such surgical interventions are also performed:
- Arthroplasty - plastic surgery to restore normal joint structure;
- Corrective osteotomy - correction of valgus deformations or varusing of the legs, which can occur with advanced arthritis forms.
Folk remedies
Home production products can serve as a wonderful addition to traditional therapy.
However, before treating the arthrosis of the knee joint with the use of popular remedies, consult your doctor, because some natural ingredients may have contraindications or not combined with the medicines you have prescribed.
Here are some effective recipes, in time:
- Beef curves and a knee - contribute to the restoration of the cartilage.Boil them for a few hours.Drink 100 ml of broth before each meal.
- Honey, apple cider vinegar - relieve swelling and pain.Mix the ingredients in proportion of 3 to 1. In the evening, make compresses, apply for 30 minutes.
- Jerusalem artichoke - helps relieve a pain attack.Pour 350 g of crushed leaves and topnamic stalk 2 l boiling water.Cold at room temperature.Moisture a gauze bandage in the infusion and place a sore joint.
PREVENTION
Preventive measures are very simple:
- Engage in physical education, but do not overload your knees.Never run on asphalt.Special paths or primer are suitable for jogging.
- Avoid knee injuries or treat them in time.For bruises and spraying, contact the traumatologist immediately and follow all his recommendations.
- Eat properly.
- Reject bad habits.
Predict
Arthrosis is a disease that cannot be fully cured by conservative methods.
However, do not despair.Provided you respect all your doctor's recommendations, you can avoid complications, relieve pain and improve amplitude of movements in the joint.
Do not postpone the visit to the specialist, as in later stages the disease can lead to leg deformities and disability.Modern medicine treats them quickly.